Sao Tome History and Culture
Key landmarks in the history of São Tomé:
Discovery and Colonization (1470-1493):São Tomé and Príncipe were uninhabited when discovered by Portuguese explorers around 1470. Colonization began in 1493
Sugar Economy (15th – 16th centuries): The establishment of sugar plantations in the late 15th century turned São Tomé into a significant producer, especially in the 16th century.
Slave Trade Hub: São Tomé's strategic position made it a central hub in the Atlantic Slave Trade, serving both as a plantation location and a transit point for slaves.
Decline of the Sugar Industry (late 16th century): The sugar economy began to decline due to various factors including competition from the New World.
Introduction of Coffee and Cocoa (19th century): The 19th century saw coffee and cocoa replace sugar as primary crops, with cocoa leading to an economic boom.
World's Largest Cocoa Producer (early 20th century): São Tomé became the world's largest producer of cocoa, fostering a prosperous economy but with labor practices similar to slavery.
Batepá Massacre (1953): This was a significant event where many native Creoles died protesting against labor conditions, fueling the push for independence.
Independence Movement (1960): The MLSTP was formed and played a key role in advocating for independence from Portugal.
Carnation Revolution and Decolonization (1974): The revolution in Portugal led to the decolonization process of its African colonies, including São Tomé and Príncipe.
Independence (July 12, 1975): São Tomé and Príncipe gained peaceful independence and the MLSTP became the ruling party in the new nation.
Transition to Multiparty Democracy (1991): The country underwent political reforms leading to a multiparty democratic system.